And joseph t



3 Sheets-Shet 1.

(No ModeL) G. A, CARDWELL. HARMUNIG PRINTING TELBGRAPH.

No. 315,122. Patented Apr. 7, 1885.

(NoModel.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2, G. A. CARDWELL. HARMONIG PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

Patented Apr. 7, 188-5.

(No Model) ,3 sheetssheen s.

- G. A. CARDWELL. vHARMNIG PRINTING TELBGRAPH- Patented Apr. 7, 1885.

f Zim-5.5615

xw A MP f UNITED STATES i .PATENT y OFFICE..

GEORGE A. OARDWELL, OE BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AssiGNOR `OE TWO- THiRDs To FREDERICK K. EITOH,OE NEW YORK, AND JOSEPH fr. MUR-` RAY, OE NEWARK, NEW JERsEY.

HA'RMONIC lPRIArriere-Tel.ecRAr-n-i.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 315,122, dated April 7, 1835.

VApplication filed October 1, 1884. l(No model.)

' To aZZ whom it may concern:

harmonic system, I can send all or any num` 5o Be it known that I, GEORGE' A. GARDWELL, ber of these tones simultaneously over the one a citizen of the United States, residing .at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multiple Printing- Telegraphs; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as Willenable oth- 1O ers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the drawings, whereiup Figure l is a diagram of my invention, and Figs. 2 and 3 are perspective views of a pair I 5 of grouped actuating-magnets.

My invention relates to an improvement in electric telegraphy; and it consists in a novel -application of the multiple systemof transmission, and particularly of what is known as 2O the Gray harmonic system, whereby the rapidity of transmission and reception is greatly accelerated under conditions that render the printing vof the received messages possible at a speed and with a certainty hitherto 2 5 unattainable.

My invention contemplates, and through the agencies which I employ effectually'cari ries out, what may be appropriately termed a permutation of the multiple principle- 3O that is to say, by the combination in groups or couples of given electrical pulsations I am enabled to enlarge upon and increase the application of the separately-transmitted pulsations, and accomplish as many distinct acts as from a given series of fundamental pulsatory current there may be formed groups, combinations, or permutations. These distinct acts may be, and as developed in the systemwhich I am about to describe are, the printing or 4o recording, respectively, of a letter of the alphabet and, it' necessary, a number or arbitrary sign.

As my invention can be more thoroughly understood in its application to the harmonic lsystem of multipletelegraphy, Ihave selected the latter as the basis of my description.

Let it be supposed, for instance, that I have i is normally closed upon asecondary and opem at command, say, six harmonic tones--viz., GAB C DE. New, according to the Gray circuit, and cause each tone to affect its own receiver or relay; but by a system of combinations in the receiver which I emplOyI can,

bythe simultaneous transmission of any group of tones and the responsive action ofa correwill print the character g,77 While if I se'nd C and Gthe character printed will be i, and so on, and if, instead of combinations, I should send single tones, each tone will cause the printingof the character allotted to the selected tone.

In the accompanying drawingsl have illustrated and in the following description Ishall specify sufficient `of an organized system to 7o clearly indicate the character of my invention, and shall therefore limit myself to a specific description of the receiver. Such a receiver is adapted to respond to combina tion tones, no matter by what devices the same are transmitted, so that a specic Vdescription of a transmitter particularly de. signed and adapted to be used in connection with my system of receiving Will be unnecessary, and will be reserved as the subject of a 8O futureapplication. Again, to render the description concise, I shall assume that the Gray harmonic system is well understood and need not be explained. or its principles dwelt upon further than may be incidentally suggested or warranted by the novel conditions of its use.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A designates the main-line wire of a harmonic telegraph, leading to ground at a receivinggO` station through the magnets B C D E F G, which are provided with the appurtenances of a Gray harmonic relay, so that each reeded armature will respond to its appropriate tone and to no other, and when so responding will open a local-battery circuit, a b c, &c., which circuit relay, a- 'b' o', c.

cause they are normally in an energized state,

' and, under conditions hereinafter explained,

close another local circuit or circuits when their armatures are retracted by the de-energizing of their coils.

The relation of the magnets BG, Src., and the magnets ub, etc., is the same as exists between the harmonic relay and sound-er under the usual conditions of harmonic telegraphy.

I have suggested that each individual tone will effect the printing of a single character, and now before going into detail as tothe precise means by which the secondary relays are controlled so as to respond to both single and combined tones,I would suggest a reference to the diagram figure, which illustrates the general principle of action and the main path of circuits by which the printing under single tones is accomplished.

l in the diagram is a local battery, from which a line, 2, leads through back stops, 3, of armatures 4, &c., and thence by lines 5 through all the armatures 1i, &c., above which are other stops, 6, o., each having a line to a printingmagnet, 7, Snc., and each being in a branch and normally-open circuit with battery l. Now, supposing it were desired kto print the letter b in response to the tone C, the tone is transmitted,77 and immediately harmonic relay C responds, opening its local circuit and causing armature 4. to ily back against stop 6. Circuit from'batteryy l is now through all the back stops or continuous line 2, thence through armatures until 4 is reached, When the current passes to printing -magnet 7, and thence to battery, all the other printingmagnets being out of or on open circuit. It is obvious that any other tone may be similarly made to control and effect the printing of its appropriate character. This much understood, I Will now explain in detail the means by which two combined tones will cause a dependent character to be printed.

The armatures of the secondary relays are pivotal or provided with pivotal arms G, Eigs. 2, 3, and carry front and back contacts, h h', and lower insulated contacts, z' i. The points h Zl and h Z are respectively connected by lines m m. Stops hare opposed to stationary contacts Z Z, stops h oppose contacts Z, and stops i face contacts Z2, all being properly insulated.

In the drawings, Figs. 2 and-3 are designed to represent under two conditions a pair of armatures belonging to a harmonic group or couple-say G F, which is arranged for printing the character, say, L rlhen the stop Z of each is connected by a line, m, with the stop h of the other, Whilea line leads from a stop, Z, above each armature, as already mentioned in explanation of diagrams, to a magnet, 7. The stops Z2 Z2 are in circuit with a local battery, M,and a printing-magnet, M', adapted t'o print the character IJ 2 Now, v11urmal1y,the

armatures G being closed or down, the current vibrations or pulsations corresponding to a single-tone will cause the retraction of but one of said armatures, as shown in Fig. 3, and the circuit will be from battery l and line 2, throughl line la and by way of the attracted armature and stops 71. Z thereof, through the line m, joined to said stop Z, thence to and through stops h Zof the retracted armature, to and through printing-magnet 7, back to battery l, all other circuits being open but should currents correspondingin vibration to two tones be sent simultaneously, both armatures G Gl will be retracted and circuit completed through t i Z2 Z2, line k', battery' M, and printing-magnet M', as shown in Fig. 2, all other circuits of this group being open.

By an analogous arrangement of circuits and connections all` the secondary relays may be grouped` together in pairs.

The mechanical details of the printer do not properly constitute a part of-my system, and as their principles are Well understood and susceptible of much variation, I do not deem it necessary or expedientto describe them.

I have shown how separate printing-magnets may be energized, and it is but a question of mechanical skill and expedient to couple these kmagnets to their appropriate printing devices and appurtenant parts.

The details of the printing devices I reserve, to make them the subjects of future applications.

By the term ,tone7 herein used I Wish t0 be understood as meaning the vibration or pulsation corresponding to the tone.

ICO

While I have specifically described my invention in its application to the harmonic system of multiple telegraphy, I do not Wish to be understood as limiting myself` thereto, as any system of multiple transmission wherein separatecurrents'over a single circuit Wire or conductor energize separate and independent receiving-instruments may be employed.

While the foregoing description pertains specically to a system whereby the particular result accomplished is the selection and energization of printing or recording magnets through the agency of simultaneously-transmitted currents of different characteristics, the printing or recording instrument being understood to be at a main receiving-station, it is obvious that the same means may be employed in selecting special lines., or circuits leading from such station to different points, and in using such lines for the transmission of relayed Morse or other telegraphic signs or signals. Thus, assuming that the printingmagnets represent Sounders located at distant points, then the manipulation of the transmitting-keys according to the Morse7 method will effect the relaying of the circuits of said Aner as a particular printing-magnet responds.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. In a multiple telegraphic apparatus, the

combination of two or more relays responsive to difierent currents, each controlling a receiving-magnet and its circuit, and conjointly controlling a third receiving-magnet and intermediate electro-magnetic devices, as set forth. i

2. In a multiple telegraphic printer, the combination of two or more relays responsive to different currents, a printing-magnet, and intermediate electro-magnetic devices, as set forth, whereby a single character will'be printed in obedience to the conjoint action of the two relays.

3. In a multiple telegraphic printer, the combination, with relays, printing-magnets, and intermediate devices, whereby said magnets will respectively respond to grouped or simultaneously-produced but independent currents, of printing-magnets and appurtenant devices, as set forth, which will respond to single or individual currents, substantially as described.

4. In a multiple telegraph, the combination of two or more relays, with their local-bat tery circuits, two or more secondary relays in said local circuits, one or more supplementary ci rcuits, and generators,with a series or system of circuits and contacts, whereby the operation of two intermediate relays will eect an operation of two secondary relay-armatures and close a normally-open circuit upon a magnet, substantially as described.

5. In a printing-telegraph in which print ingmagnets print in response to the action of single relays, the combination,with said relays and printing-magnets,of second relays, printing-magnets in supplementary circuit or secondary local, coupled secondary relay-armatures, contacts,and branches, whereby certain printing-magnets will respond to single currents, and others will respond to grouped or simultaneouslyproduced currents, and whereby, when certain currents are grouped, their individ uallydependent printin g-magnets will remain passive.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE A. cARDwELL. 

